Public Health Nutr. In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. On. To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in Coates, G. W. & Getzler, Y. D. Y. L. Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy. Barone, M. T. U. et al. Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. For example, upon heating, polyacrylic acid is known to undergo dehydration and decarboxylation in bulk17 and solution18, respectively. A. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf (Cefic European Basic Acrylic Monomers Sector group (EBAM): Brussels, 2015). Ultimately, inequality might become worse, exacerbating an already distressing scenario due to COVID-19. A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. "Environment" area. Sci. Upgrading of postconsumer absorbent hygiene products for bioethanol production. Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l'ambiente, il clima e l'energia. In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. 1). First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team.<br><br>SKILLS <br> Experienced in Master Data . ISSN 2041-1723 (online). Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. PubMed Central Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. 4 0 obj April 2021 was the deadliest month since the pandemic began: nine capital cities reported more deaths than births, and, by 25 April, the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2021 surpassed that reported in 2020. Proc. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. produced all visualization. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: Prod. ^c2/rML[,[gs] The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. X.iieS(,& & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. )W9N2S33:;Ai / YnM#@w@6~q|,Sq","Kc]FTE^gIK%q4g2J:?1*zK6J./7o#hX&M,5!zbz?-V^mnH)0"2x~&NRO~c_e5j;? 63/174,000 (filed April 13, 2021). Managed the strategic partnerships with: Microsoft, Nokia, and NavTech. 4b,c). La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l' ambiente, il clima e l' energia . To estimate total deaths in the presence of COVID-19, we used different methodological approaches. That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. Abbasi, J. Rev. Sci. john deere quick hitch. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (January-April) to those reported in 2020 (%). The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. 2). Estimates of period mortality rates require an estimate of the population exposed to the risk of dying. Science 372, 815821 (2021). As with 2020, for both e0 and e65, the lowest declines in 2021 were concentrated in the Northeast, whereas the South, which had relatively smaller declines in 2020, is estimated to have a much greater loss in 2021. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. Li, Q. et al. This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. Rev. Because in-hospital COVID-19 deaths represent 89% of all COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021, we use them to proxy for the agesex distributions of all COVID-19 deaths. performed all wet-lab experimental work under the guidance of A.J.M. Wernet, G. et al. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Self-wetting adhesive composition. <>/Metadata 249 0 R/ViewerPreferences 250 0 R>> Combined, these data indicate that open-loop recycling of the superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) to synthesize PSAs is both energetically and environmentally favorable compared to petroleum-derived syntheses in our assessment. Acrylic acid and derivatives. 166, 108304 (2020). R. Soc. 5). 3b). T32 AG000037). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Medicine (Nat Med) stream Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. This result suggests that most crosslinks had been hydrolyzed within 15h (Supplementary Fig. We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. Lett. Expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19 are calculated by assuming that individuals who do not die of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 are subject to the mortality rates of 2019. We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes in Brazil. & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. From these studies, we conclude that the quantitative esterification of the polymer results from the hydrophobic reaction environment created by the polymer backbone and the 2-ethylhexanol solvent. "Climate action". Google Scholar. Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. 3 0 obj In addition, D.I.C. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Frequently Asked Questions Innovation Place, CONNECTING The results from both of these experiments demonstrate that the equilibrium lies far towards the esterification product. In the Northeast, however, the estimated decreases in life expectancy in 2020 are smaller than in the North. 58, 13471364 (2020). JAMA 324, 13911392 (2020). The actual death toll is likely to be higher due to deficient surveillance, limited testing that prevented proper diagnosis, issues of compliance with protocols for reporting a suspected COVID-19 death and location of the death (for example, at home)1,2. I tried to learn Python before,. Therefore, COVID-19 sequelae might shorten individual lifespan. Closed-loop chemical recycling via depolymerization to monomer is also not currently feasible for these superabsorbent materials because side-chain degradation outcompetes depolymerization. %PDF-1.7 Roberts, I. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. Public Health 17, 4322 (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analysis of supply and demand of hospital and ICU beds and mechanical ventilators under different scenarios. stream Vilseck, J. Soc. Therefore, we estimated the provisional decline in life expectancy in 2021 thus far; this estimate is based on the DT19 method noted earlier but, in this case, adding confirmed 2021 COVID-19 deaths to the deaths expected among those who did not die of COVID-19, who are assumed to be subject to 2019 mortality rates for the remainder of 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). Chang, E. P. Viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesives. EXPERIENCE 15 years of experience in Shared Services, BPO, Finance, Business and Investment. Informao Demogrfica e Socioeconmica. M.C.C., S.G.K. 3, e1700782 (2017). The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Castro, M. C. et al. Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . MRS Bull. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Andrady, A. L. Sci. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Office of Land and Emergency Management. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Chem. Similarly to Brazil, many other countries in Latin America experienced a relatively fast pace of mortality improvement during this period, benefitting from the public health and medical progress of their forerunners9,11. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. b, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 and 2021 based on the DT19 method (Supplementary Tables 5 and 11). We offer five reasons as to why. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. M.C.C. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. We estimate a decline in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0) of 1.3 years, a mortality level not seen since 2014. Aburto, J. M. et al. endobj 1 0 obj Jennifer Sargent was the primary editor on this article and managed its editorial process and peer review in collaboration with the rest of the editorial team. . % We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM Marinho, F. et al. In Amap, the femalemale gap is estimated to increase by 2.1 years, the highest among the states (Fig. 10, 48754880 (2019). Google Scholar. States in the North and Northeast have the worst indicators of income inequality, poverty, access to infrastructure and availability of physicians and hospital beds12,13. Here, we assumed that individuals who did not die of COVID-19 in the first 4 months of 2021 would be subject to the 2019 age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. Eng. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Oncol. Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). A 245, 132140 (2006). Marques, N. P. et al. Error bars are derived from an average of two experiments. Collias, D. I. et al. Between 1945 and 2020, e0 in Brazil increased from 45.5 years to 76.7 years10, an average of almost 5 months per calendar year. Andrasfay, T. & Goldman, N. Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. The Guardian. Also in May 2021, the first case of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), first detected in India, was reported in Brazil26. Google Scholar. Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Clean. Expected Impact . Second, COVID-19 disrupted primary care services in Brazil27. Catal. Second, we used deaths from all causes by age, sex, cause of death and state of residence provided by the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health for 2019 (n=1,345,543) and 2020 (n=1,541,556). & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. Chem. Lancet 396, 365366 (2020). Sci. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance 19 , 2021 Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). To calculate person-years for 2020, we first interpolated population projections, assuming exponential growth by age, sex and state, for the first day of each month in 2020. Due to these challenges, the focus has been on re-use of recovered materials, rather than recycling; for example, the recovered superabsorbent polymers have been explored for enhancing the water retention properties of soil21,22. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. Int. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. ACS Sustain. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). California, United States. Chem. Polym. The materials, equipment, synthetic methods, as well as all processed data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information file. Green. Preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives from post-consumer superabsorbent polymers. Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . conceived the research. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Il 13 luglio stato aperto il primo invito a presentare proposte nell'ambito del nuovo programma LIFE 2021-202 7, che comprende quattro sottoprogrammi: natura e biodiversit, economia circolare e qualit della vita, Chem. Lancet 397, 220232 (2021). J. Phys. For DT19, nRx is calculated as the ratio of expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19 to expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19. - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP <br>- More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States<br>- Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision<br>- Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . B 121, 36263635 (2017). Depolymerization of polymers. J. Phys. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9.
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